Abstract Background Grades in college and university STEM courses are an important determinant of student persistence in STEM fields. Recent studies have used the grade offset/grade penalty method to explore why students have lower grades in STEM courses than their GPAs would predict. The results of these studies are in doubt; however. as they use GPA as a reliable measure of academic... https://allfixelectricales.shop/product-category/surge-protector-powerboard/